Премия Румфорда

Премия Румфорда (англ. Rumford Prize) — научная награда Американской академии искусств и наук. Учреждена в 1796 году на денежные средства Бенджамина Томпсона (графа Румфорда), вручается с 1839 года за достижения в области тепла или света. Награда включает в себя медаль из золота и серебра. Все лауреаты на момент награждения жили в США или Канаде. Несколько лауреатов также получили европейскую медаль Румфорда: Сэмюэл Лэнгли, Джон Уильям Дрейпер, Роберт Вильямс Вуд.

Не следует путать с Медалью Румфорда
Бенджамин Томпсон (с 1791 — граф Румфорд; 1753—1814). Портрет работы Томаса Гейнсборо. 1783

Лауреаты

Год вручения Лауреат Формулировка обоснования
1839 Robert Hare Inventor of the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe
1862 Эрикссон, Джон His work improved the field of heat management, but the award was specifically for his invention of the caloric engine of 1858.
1865 Daniel Treadwell Heat management. He was awarded especially for his contributions towards a "cannon of large caliber, and great strength and endurance".
1866 Кларк, Элвин Improved refracting telescopes
1869 George Henry Corliss For improving the steam engine
1871 Joseph Harrison, Jr. Towards his concern for safer steam boilers
1873 Резерфорд, Льюис Моррис For improving the "processes and methods" of astronomical photography
1875 Дрейпер, Джон Уильям For his work towards apprehending radiant energy
1880 Гиббс, Джозайя Уиллард Founded the field of chemical thermodynamics
1883 Роуланд, Генри For his research in light and heat
1886 Лэнгли, Сэмюэл Пирпонт For his work towards the understanding of radiant energy
1888 Майкельсон, Альберт Абрахам Measured the velocity of light, and contribution towards the motion of the luminiferous ether, and absolute determination of the wavelengths of light
1891 Пикеринг, Эдуард Чарлз For his work on stellar photometry and stellar spectra
1895 Эдисон, Томас Алва For his investigations in electric lighting
1898 Килер, Джеймс Эдуард For the applications of the spectroscope, and especially his investigations of nebulae and the physical contents of Saturn's rings
1899 Чарльз Браш For the development of the electric arc lamp
1900 Carl Barus For his heat research
1901 Томсон, Элиу For his work in welding and lighting
1902 Хейл, Джордж Эллери For his investigations in solar and stellar physics and for the invention of the spectro-heliograph
1904 Ernest Fox Nichols For his research on radiation, radiation pressure, stellar heat, and the infrared spectrum
1907 Эдвард Ачесон For the application of the electric furnace to the production of carborundum and graphite
1909 Вуд, Роберт Вильямс For light-related discoveries, including the optical properties of sodium and other metallic vapors
1910 Charles Gordon Curtis For his improvements to the steam turbine
1911 Крафтс, Джеймс Мейсон For his work in thermometry, and the development of new fixed points on the scale
1912 Фредерик Айвс For his inventions in color photography and photoengraving
1913 Стеббинс, Джоуэл For the development of the selenium photometer and its application to scientific problems
1914 Уильям Кулидж For his invention of ductile tungsten
1915 Аббот, Чарлз Грили For his research in solar radiation
1917 Бриджмен, Перси Уильямс For his high-pressure thermodynamic breakthroughs
1918 Теодор Лайман Awarded for his research on short-wave and long-wave wavelengths
1920 Ленгмюр, Ирвинг For his research in thermionic and allied phenomena
1925 Расселл, Генри Норрис Awarded for his research in solar radiation
1926 Комптон, Артур Холли Awarded for his research in Roentgen rays
1928 Edward Leamington Nichols For his research in spectrophotometry
1930 Пласкетт, Джон Стэнли For his astronomical spectrographic research
1931 Комптон, Карл Тэйлор He was awarded the medal for thermionics and spectroscopic research.
1933 Шепли, Харлоу For his work with the luminosity of stars and galaxies
1937 Кобленц, Уильям For his improvements in the measurement of heat and light
1939 George R. Harrison "For pioneering improvements in spectroscopics"
1941 Зворыкин, Владимир Козьмич Awarded for the creation of the iconoscope and other related devices
1943 Чарльз Эдвард Кеннет Мис For his contributions to photography
1945 Лэнд, Эдвин Герберт For his inventions related to the application of polarized light
1947 E. Newton Harvey For his research in bioluminescence
1949 Боуэн, Айра Спрейг For his work on the identification of nebulium and for other outstanding works
1951 Герберт Айвс For his research in the field of optics
1953 Ферми, Энрико For his investigations in electromagnetic radiation and nuclear energy
1953 Лэмб, Уиллис Юджин Awarded for studying the hydrogen spectrum
1953 Онзагер, Ларс For his investigations in thermodynamics related to transportation
1955 Франк, Джеймс For his studies in the investigation of photosynthesis
1957 Субраманьян Чандрасекар For his investigations of the radiative energy balance in stars
1959 Уолд, Джордж For identifying the biochemical basis of vision
1961 Таунс, Чарлз Хард For his development of the laser
1963 Бете, Ханс Альбрехт For pioneering studies in stellar nucleosynthesis
1965 Samuel Collins For the invention of the Collins Helium Cryostat and other pioneering work
1965 William D. McElroy For his work on the molecular origin of bioluminescence
1967 Дикке, Роберт For his contributions to microwave radiometry and to the understanding of atomic structure
1967 Ниль, Корнелис ван For his contributions to the study of photosynthesis
1968 Шмидт, Мартен For his work deducing the spectra of quasi-stellar objects
1971 M.I.T. Group[1]
Canadian Group
NRAOCornell Group
For their work in the field of long-baseline interferometry
1973 Уилсон, Эдгар Брайт For pioneering the importance of symmetry in polyatomic molecules and for his active work in the field of microwave spectroscopy
1976 Росси, Бруно For discovering the origins of cosmic radiation
1980 Gregorio Weber For researching the theory of, and working on the application of, fluorescence
1980 Янг Чжэньнин

Миллс, Роберт

For development of a generalized gauge invariant field theory
1985 Демельт, Ханс Георг

Мартин Дойч


Vernon W. Hughes


Рамзей, Норман Фостер

Awarded for his work in the field of atomic spectroscopy
1986 Роберт Лейтон

Френк Лоу


Джеральд Нойгебауер

For his work in developing infrared astronomy
1992 James R. Norris

Joseph J. Katz


Джордж Фехер

Awarded for working towards the understanding of photosynthesis
1996 Мазер, Джон Кромвелл For his research related to the cosmic microwave background
2008 Дрелл, Сидни

Нанн, Сэмьюэл


Перри, Уильям Джеймс


Шульц, Джордж

For their efforts to reduce the global threat of nuclear weapons
2015 Капассо, Федерико

Чо, Альфред

For their contributions to the field of laser technology

Примечания

Ссылки

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