Polynema
Polynema (лат.) — род хальцидоидных наездников из семейства Mymaridae[1].
| Polynema | ||||||||||
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_Figure_1A.jpg.webp) Polynema sagittaria | ||||||||||
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Домен: Царство: Подцарство: Без ранга: Без ранга: Без ранга: Без ранга: Тип: Подтип: Надкласс: Класс: Подкласс: Инфракласс: Надотряд: Hymenopterida Отряд: Подотряд: Инфраотряд: Proctotrupomorpha Надсемейство: Семейство: Род: Polynema |
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| Международное научное название | ||||||||||
| Polynema Haliday, 1833 | ||||||||||
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Ichneumon flavipes Walker, 1846 |
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Распространение
Неарктика, Неотропика, Палеарктика[1], Индия, Китай[2], Австралия и Океания.
Описание
Мелкие хальцидоидные наездники тёмно-коричневого и чёрного цвета (усики и ноги светлее). Длина тела: 0,545—2,250 мм. Тело гладкое и блестящее. Булава усиков 1-члениковая. Крылья с длинными краевыми щетинками. Усики очень длинные, больше длины головы вместе грудью. Паразиты насекомых, таких как цикадки, горбатки, клопы (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Flatidae, Membracidae, Miridae, Nabidae) и стрекозы (Odonata: Aeshnidae, Lestidae). Имеют потенциально важную роль в биологическом контроле видов-вредителей[1][3][4][5][6][7][8].
Систематика
Более 200 видов. Среди 9 других неарктических родов группы Polynema (Acmopolynema, Cnecomymar, Eustochus, Kalopolynema, Mymar, Neomymar, Palaeoneura, Caraphractus, Stephanodes), Polynema сходен только с одним (Palaeoneura). Впервые был выделен в 1833 году[9], а его валидный статус подтверждён в ходе ревизии, проведённой в 2020 году канадским энтомологом Джоном Хубером (John T. Huber; Natural Resources Canada c/o Canadian National Collection of Insects, Оттава, Канада), Jennifer D. Read и российско-американским гименоптерологом Сергеем Владимировичем Тряпицыным (Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, Калифорнийский университет в Риверсайде, Калифорния, США)[1][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].
- Polynema abdominale Soyka, 1956
- Polynema acutiventre (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema aegyptiacum (Soyka, 1950)
- Polynema aequicoloratum (Soyka, 1950)
- Polynema albicorne Girault, 1917
- Polynema albicoxa Ashmead, 1900
- Polynema albitarse Kieffer, 1913
- Polynema altitudine (Soyka, 1950)
- Polynema anamalaiense Mani & Saraswat, 1973
- Polynema anantanagana Narayanan, 1961
- Polynema anceps Debauche, 1948
- Polynema antoniae (Soyka, 1950)
- Polynema apicale Perkins, 1910
- Polynema arcticum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema aspidioti Girault, 1911
- Polynema assamense Hayat & Singh, 2001
- Polynema aterrimum (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema atractoura Debauche, 1948
- Polynema atratum Haliday, 1833
- Polynema atrosimile Soyka, 1956
- Polynema atrum (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema auricorpus Girault, 1917
- Polynema auripedicellatum (Soyka, 1950)
- Polynema bakkendorfi Hincks, 1950
- Polynema bergi Ashmead, 1905
- Polynema bimaculatipenne Girault, 1911
- Polynema bischoffi (Soyka, 1950)
- Polynema bitashimwae Debauche, 1949
- Polynema boreum Girault, 1915
- Polynema brevicarinae Annecke & Doutt, 1961
- Polynema brittanum Girault, 1911
- Polynema caesariatipenne Girault, 1911
- Polynema calceatiscapus (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema capillatum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema carbonelli (Ogloblin, 1963)
- Polynema carpaticum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema ceroplastae Ghesquière, 1942
- Polynema ciliatum (Say, 1829)
- Polynema clotho (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema collaris Soyka, 1956
- Polynema consobrinum Girault, 1911
- Polynema crassa Mani & Saraswat, 1973
- Polynema crassicorne Förster, 1847
- Polynema curtum (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema dakhlae (Soyka, 1950)
- Polynema decoloratum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema depressicollis Hellén, 1974
- Polynema dhenkunde Mani & Saraswat, 1973
- Polynema draperi Girault, 1912
- Polynema dunense Hayat & Anis, 1999
- Polynema editha Girault, 1938
- Polynema elegantissimum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema elongatum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema enchenopae Girault, 1911
- Polynema englandicum Özdikmen, 2011
- Polynema euchariforme Haliday, 1833
- Polynema europense Özdikmen, 2011
- Polynema eurydice (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema eutettexi Girault, 1917
- Polynema fasciatum (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema fennicosimile (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema fennicum Soyka, 1946
- Polynema filicorne Soyka, 1956
- Polynema flavipes Walker, 1846
- Polynema florum Girault, 1929
- Polynema foersteri Soyka, 1946
- Polynema frater Girault, 1913
- Polynema fulmeki Soyka, 1941
- Polynema fumipenne Walker, 1846
- Polynema fuscipes Haliday, 1833
- Polynema gallica Soyka, 1956
- Polynema gargarae Viggiani & Jesu, 1986
- Polynema gaucho Triapitsyn & Aquino, 2010
- Polynema gigas Perkins, 1910
- Polynema giraulti Perkins, 1912
- Polynema globosiventris Soyka, 1956
- Polynema gracile (Nees, 1834)
- Polynema gracilior Soyka, 1946
- Polynema graculus Girault, 1911
- Polynema grande (Taguchi, 1971)
- Polynema grenadense Ashmead, 1900
- Polynema haitianum Dozier, 1932
- Polynema halidayi Debauche, 1948
- Polynema hawaiiense Ashmead, 1901
- Polynema hebe (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema helochaeta (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema howardii (Ashmead, 1887)
- Polynema howdeni (Yoshimoto, 1990)
- Polynema hundsheimense Soyka, 1956
- Polynema hyalinipenne Girault, 1917
- Polynema illustre Soyka, 1956
- Polynema imitatrix Gahan, 1918
- Polynema inconsuetum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema jassidarum Perkins, 1910
- Polynema kalatopense Mani & Saraswat, 1973
- Polynema kamathi Mani & Saraswat, 1973
- Polynema kressbachi Soyka, 1956
- Polynema laetum Förster, 1847
- Polynema lansi Soyka, 1956
- Polynema latior Soyka, 1956
- Polynema latipectoris Soyka, 1956
- Polynema latipenne Förster, 1847
- Polynema latissimum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema longicauda Kieffer, 1913
- Polynema longigaster Soyka, 1956
- Polynema longior Soyka, 1956
- Polynema longipectoris (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema longipennatum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema longipes (Ashmead, 1887)
- Polynema longum (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema loriger Kieffer, 1916
- Polynema lucidum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema luteolum (Ogloblin, 1960)
- Polynema maculipes (Ashmead, 1887)
- Polynema magniceps Ashmead, 1900
- Polynema maidli Soyka, 1956
- Polynema malkwitzi Soyka, 1956
- Polynema manaliense Hayat & Anis, 1999
- Polynema marginatum (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema marilandicum Girault, 1917
- Polynema medicae (Annecke & Doutt, 1961)
- Polynema megacephala Risbec, 1951
- Polynema mendeli Girault, 1913
- Polynema microptera Bakkendorf, 1934
- Polynema modestum (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema mundum Soyka, 1946
- Polynema mutabile Botoc, 1963
- Polynema nanum Perkins, 1910
- Polynema nativum Girault, 1929
- Polynema needhami Ashmead, 1900
- Polynema neofuscipes (Soyka, 1946)
- Polynema neopusillum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema neorectum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema neustadti Soyka, 1956
- Polynema nigriceps Soyka, 1956
- Polynema nigrocoxalis (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema novickyi Soyka, 1946
- Polynema nupogodi Triapitsyn & Aquino, 2008
- Polynema oahuense Perkins, 1910
- Polynema oreades (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema orientale Girault, 1917
- Polynema ovatum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema ovulorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Polynema pallidipenne Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pallidiventre (Ogloblin, 1960)
- Polynema pallidum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema palustre (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema parvipennis Soyka, 1956
- Polynema parvipetiolatum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pechlaneri Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pellucens Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pennicilipennis Soyka, 1956
- Polynema perforator Perkins, 1910
- Polynema perkinsi Özdikmen, 2011
- Polynema permagnum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pernigripes Girault, 1917
- Polynema phaseoli Dozier, 1932
- Polynema picea Soyka, 1956
- Polynema picipes Girault, 1905
- Polynema pilipennis Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pilosum (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema platense (Brèthes, 1913)
- Polynema poeta Girault, 1913
- Polynema polandicum Özdikmen, 2011
- Polynema polonicum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema polychromum (Ogloblin, 1960)
- Polynema porteri (Brèthes, 1917)
- Polynema pratensiphagum Walley, 1929
- Polynema prolongatum (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema protractum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pulchricoloris Soyka, 1956
- Polynema pusilloides Debauche, 1948
- Polynema pusillum Haliday, 1833
- Polynema pyrophila Perkins, 1910
- Polynema quadricaput Soyka, 1956
- Polynema quadruplex (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema rectosimile Soyka, 1956
- Polynema rectum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema reginum Girault, 1912
- Polynema reticulatum (Ogloblin, 1946)
- Polynema richmondense Hincks, 1960
- Polynema rubriventris Perkins, 1910
- Polynema ruficolle Kieffer, 1913
- Polynema rufonigrum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema ruschkai Soyka, 1956
- Polynema ruymbekei Mathot, 1969
- Polynema sachtlebeni Soyka, 1956
- Polynema saga (Girault, 1911)
- Polynema schmitzi Soyka, 1956
- Polynema schulzewskyi Soyka, 1956
- Polynema scrutator Perkins, 1910
- Polynema secundobreve Soyka, 1956
- Polynema serratum (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema seychellense Masi, 1917
- Polynema sibylla Girault, 1911
- Polynema solare (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema soykai Özdikmen, 2011
- Polynema speciosum (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema spectabile (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema stammeri Soyka, 1946
- Polynema striaticorne Girault, 1911
- Polynema stubaiense (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema synophropsis Viggiani & Jesu, 1991
- Polynema tantalea Perkins, 1910
- Polynema tenue Soyka, 1956
- Polynema tenuiforme Soyka, 1956
- Polynema tenuisimile (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema terrestre Perkins, 1910
- Polynema triscia Perkins, 1910
- Polynema umbratum (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema umbrosum Soyka, 1956
- Polynema unicolor Soyka, 1956
- Polynema uroxys (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema uruguayense Özdikmen, 2011
- Polynema valkenburgense Soyka, 1931
- Polynema vallis (Soyka, 1940)
- Polynema varians Soyka, 1956
- Polynema venezuelaense (Yoshimoto, 1990)
- Polynema vitripenne (Förster, 1847)
- Polynema wagneri Rimsky-Korsakov, 1920
- Polynema waterhousei Hincks, 1950
- Polynema weyeri (Soyka, 1956)
- Polynema woodi Hincks, 1950
- Polynema xiphium (Debauche, 1949)
- Polynema zetes Girault, 1911
Дополнение
- 2021: Polynema aristokratka Triapitsyn, 2021 (Новая Зеландия), P. baronessa (Новая Зеландия), P. grafinya (Новая Зеландия), P. imperatrix (Австралия), P. koroleva (Новая Зеландия), P. markiza (Новая Зеландия), P. princessa (Австралия), P. rangatira Triapitsyn, 2021 (Новая Зеландия)[19]
См. также
Примечания
- John T. Huber, Jennifer D. Read, Serguei V. Triapitsyn. Illustrated key to genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press, 2020. — Vol. 4773, no. 3. — P. 1—411. — ISBN 978-1-77670-923-6. — ISSN 1175-5326. — doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4773.1.1.
- Polynema (Distribution)
- Balduf, W.V. (1928) Observations on the buffalo tree hopper Ceresa bubalus Fabr. (Membracidae, Homoptera) and the bionomics of an egg parasite, Polynema striaticorne Girault (Mymaridae, Hymenoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 21, 419—435.
- Boyd, E.A., Triapitsyn, S.V. & Hoddle, M.S. (2008) Taxonomic notes on Polynema eutettexi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and a similar species reared as an egg parasitoid of Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84 (3), 194—199.
- Fursov, V.N. (1994) New data on Polynema striaticorne (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) and its host, buffalo tree hopper, Stictocephala bisonia (Homoptera, Membracidae). Vestnik Zoologii, 2, 12-19. [in Russian]
- Hayat, M. & Anis, S.B. (1999a) The Indian species of Polynema with notes on Stephanodes reduvioli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Oriental Insects, 33, 315—331. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1999.10433797
- Lakin, k.R. (1985) Systematics and biology of the crop associated species of Polynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in southern Arizona (parasitoids, parasite, alfalfa hopers, leafhoppers). Ph. D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 84 pp.
- Wiesenborn, W.D. (2002) Weak dependence of Polynema saga (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) parasitism rate on Opsius stactogalus Fieber (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) egg density. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 75 (2), 116—122.
- Haliday, A.H. 1833: An essay on the classification of the parasitic Hymenoptera of Britain, which correspond with the Ichneumones minuti of Linnaeus. Entomological magazine 1(3): 259–276. BHL.
- Noyes J. S. (2012). Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids. Version as of June 2012
- van Noort, S. & Triapitsyn, S.V. 2018. Revision of the Polynema dikobraz species-group with description of a remarkable new species from South Africa (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Mymaridae). ZooKeys 783: 67—84. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.783.26872
- Triapitsyn, S.V.; Aquino, D.A. 2010: On the occurrence of Polynema Haliday (Dorypolynema Hayat and Anis) and Palaeoneura Waterhouse (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the New World, with description of two new species. Acta zoológica lilloana, 54(1-2): 61—77.
- Triapitsyn, S.V.; Fidalgo, P. 2006: Definition of Doriclytus, stat. rev. as a subgenus of Polynema and redescription of its type species, P. (Doriclytus) vitripenne (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Zootaxa, 1362: 55—68. Abstract
- Girault, A.A. (1911 [72]) Descriptions of three new North American species of the mymarid genus Polynema Haliday parasitic on membracid eggs, with a list of species described since the year 1898. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 19, 12-23.
- Huber, J.T. & Bouček, Z. (2001) Polynema Haliday, 1833 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): Designation of Polynema flavipes Walker, 1846, as the type species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 10 (2), 280—281.
- New, T.R. (1976) The Australian species of Polynema Haliday, s.l., (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) described by A.A. Girault. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 42, 1-65. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS042
- Schauff, M.E. & Grissell, E.E. (1982) Nomenclatural notes on Polynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with description of a new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 84, 529—534.
- Soyka, W. (1956b) Monographie der Polynemagruppe mit den Gattungen Acmopolynema Ogloblin, Barypolynema Ogloblin, Doryclitus Förster, Erdösiella g.n., Grangeriella g.n., Maidliella Soyka, Palaeoneura Waterhouse, Polynema Haliday, Richteria Girault, Stephanodes Enock, Tetrapolynema Ogloblin. Abhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 19, 1-115.
- Serguei V. Triapitsyn. Taxonomic review of Polynema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Australia and New Zealand, with descriptions of eight new species (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press, 2021. — Vol. 4915, no. 2. — P. 151—200. — ISSN 1175-5326. — doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4915.2.1.
Литература
- Noyes, J. S. & Valentine, E. W. Mymaridae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) — introduction and review of genera (англ.) // Fauna of New Zealand. — 1989. — Vol. 17. — P. 1—95.
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